Mexico City is built on top of the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan. In the South East corner of the Zocalo is the spot where Hernan Cortes is said to have met Moctezuma, the Aztec emperor, in 1519. After the Spaniards conquered the Aztecs, Cortes had the colonial town plan traced according to Spanish tradition, with the square at the heart of the city, surrounded by buildings which represent the colonial powers: the church and the government.
The official name of the square is the Plaza de la Constitucion, but it’s commonly called the Zocalo. It is one of the largest public squares in the world at 830 feet by 500 feet. It’s an important gathering place for festivals, cultural events and even demonstrations.
Palacio de Bellas ArtesPresident Porfirio Diaz ordered the construction of this building in the early 1900s. He planned to inaugurate it as part of the celebrations of the centenary of Mexico’s independence from Spain. The Revolution broke out in 1910, interrupting the construction, so it was not completed until 1934.
The building’s marble Beaux-Arts exterior with Art Nouveau elements reflects the Italian architect Adamo Boari’s original plans, whereas the interior, designed by Federico Mariscal, has Art Deco elements. The theater’s main attractions are a Tiffany stained glass stage curtain portraying a panoramic view of the Valley of Mexico with its two volcanoes and murals by famous Mexican artists such as Rufino Tamayo, Diego Rivera, David Alfaro Siqueiros and Jose Clemente Orozco.


Palacio Nacional
The government building is located on the East side of the square and it is said to have been built on the grounds where Moctezuma’s palace had stood.
To celebrate Mexican independence, every year on September 15th at midnight, the president of Mexico rings a bell from the central balcony of the National Palace and shouts: “Viva Mexico!” The crowd gathered in the square responds: “Viva!”
In the National Palace there are murals that Diego Rivera painted between 1929 and 1952. These colorful murals show Mexican history from prehispanic times to the workers’ movement of the 1930s.

Catedral Metropolitana
The construction and decoration of this cathedral, dedicated to the Assumption of Mary, took nearly 3 centuries. Construction began in 1573, and the building was dedicated, although still unfinished, in 1656. The cathedral is host to a mixture of styles, a result of being built over such a long period of time.
The cathedral, like many buildings in Mexico City, is gradually sinking into the ground. Various factors contribute to this problem: the city’s soft clay subsoil, the considerable weight of the cathedral, and uneven foundations due to being built on top of prehispanic structures.
Sophisticated restoration works begun in the 1990s have stabilized the building. Although restorers have been unable to halt the sinking altogether, they have corrected the tilting towers and ensured that the cathedral will now sink uniformly. (Now THAT is reassuring eh?)



Check this out - they monitor the movement of the building as it is sinking. EEP!

Talk about a taste of ‘home’. Smack dab in the middle of the square - - - a public skating rink. FREE! If there wasn’t such a long line-up we would have gladly skated for an hour with the locals. Man - we miss Nathan Philips Square or Gage Park in the winter!
